Darwin Tree of Life project

The Darwin Tree of Life project has an ambitious target of sequencing the DNA barcodes and full genomes of all 66,000+ described UK species.

Our work is the UK’s contribution to the Earth Biogenome Project and a collaboration between world-leading scientific institutions, led by the Wellcome Sanger Institute.

Preserving biodiversity through genomics

More than ever, it is critical that we preserve biodiversity. Genomics helps us understand and describe species by looking at their DNA. This knowledge can contribute to conservation efforts that are mitigating the impacts of negative environmental change.

Earth has experienced five mass extinction events and we are currently in the sixth. Unlike previous great extinctions, humans are driving this event. Humans are changing the climate, destroying habitats, changing land and sea use, polluting and introducing invasive species.

We can work towards securing and protecting biodiversity for future generations through the development of new technologies and multidisciplinary collaborations.

The Darwin Tree of Life pilot

The Darwin Tree of Life project is in a pilot phase from February 2020 to August 2022. In this period we will:

• generate chromosomally complete assemblies for all ~4,000 families of eukaryotic taxa native to the UK
• DNA barcode 10,000 species from these families at the Natural History Museum, London, contributing to accurate and comprehensive genomic databases
• publish all data on an open access FAIR data, available worldwide

How do we collect and sequence 66,000 species?

The UK is one of the most comprehensively studied regions globally, owing to a network of professionals and skilled enthusiasts. There are over 66,000 described species of British fauna and flora. The Darwin Tree of Life project will further increase our knowledge of British biodiversity.

Before sampling begins, it is critical we have a comprehensive checklist of UK species. The Natural History Museum has maintained the UK's most comprehensive database of taxonomy and nomenclature for over a decade. This database provides the foundation for most biological recording systems.

The Natural History Museum branch of the Darwin Tree of Life project spans multiple departments including Life Sciences, the Molecular Collection facility and the UK species inventory.

There are four key steps to the molecular description of all eukaryotic species in the UK:

1. Specimen collection: Sampling excursions target hotspots of biodiversity across the country, maximising specimen diversity.
2. Identification: Taxonomic species names are assigned to specimens by experts across the partner institutions.
3. DNA barcoding: Specimens will be sent to the Natural History Museum for barcoding, voucher specimens will be incorporated into the collections.
4. Full genomic sequencing: Specimens will be sent to the Wellcome Sanger Institute to assemble and annotate full genomes.